The aim of founding folk schools after the Second World War was an elimination or at least reduction of the phenomenon of illiteracy and the fight against unemployment amongst teachers. On initiative of government in post-war Italy there were formed folk schools, which were supposed to prepare for active life in a constituting democratic state by promoting education among youth and adults. Realisation of demarcated programmes, as well as taking the actual needs of pupils into consideration, encountered difficulties. Moreover, strong opposition with different political orientation seriously limited and restrained the realisation of the project.