In this publication, the Author shows diff erent looks at the energy security, both in Polish literature and in foreign sources. In addition, he emphasizes the events taking place in the Ukraine from 2014 –  a confl ict with the Russian Federation. Th e Author in his analysis of what the energy security is, also includes very real dangers of open armed confl ict, happening right behind of the Polish border and in the pessimistic scenario may also start in Poland. Apart from military and historical aspect, other aspects unbound directly with the situation of our eastern neighbor are also presented in this paper. In the context of the energy security, the Author has also included the world tendencies of the power consumption and social requirements of goods, including the energy. Th is applies particularly to energy as the basis of access to the means of social communication and freedom of expression. In the article has been also mentioned several scientifi c approaches in defi ning energy security taking into account the economics of supply and environmental sustainability policies.