The key factors ensuring economic security of the country include the implementation of innovations. Their role is primarily to achieve a competitive advantage, which will improve terms of trade. It is essential to answer the question of whether the country similar in size to Poland, should gain a competitive advantage by striving for innovation breakthrough in the world or rather focus on adaptation solutions obtained in countries with much greater economic potential. Article puts the hypothesis that for economic security is necessary to create conditions for the interest of entrepreneurs taking research and development, but at the same time analysis of the data indicates that they are not willing to make investment on a scale that would suit the needs innovation breakthrough. The research and development process includes too great risk, so that you cannot expect changes in the investment readiness of enterprises, and thus through innovation breakthrough to improve the economic security of the country