Th e content of this article constitute a description of the results of studies that relate the theoretical foundations of the science of defense and security sciences, fi rst of all being, genesis, scientifi c apparatus and identifi cation of these disciplines. Furthermore, the considerations were also the views of terminology related with the wider defense and security, it presents the origins of the science of defense and science of safety which were selected from former military sciences, as well as in the whole of the present problems characterized became an object of study of these disciplines and their identifi cation, nature, scope, formal separation in other sciences. Th e article includes content that relate to the explanations describing the identifi cation of security and defense. It presents the current importance of selected basic terms of system and related safety disciplines of science and the science of defense. Th e descriptions and explanations allow you to bring issues of their identity. Th e subject of the investigations presented in this article are primarily diff erences between the teachings of security and defense sciences. Referring to previous work in both areas by indicating their origin and the need to distinguish the subject of research. While both disciplines within the social sciences can use a common methodology, it distinguish their subject knowledge is regarded as a prerequisite for the functioning of these disciplines.