About the Journal
Editorial Board
Scientific Council
Reviewers
Ethical Code
Special Issue
GDRP - information on the processing of personal data
Terms of the journal
Indexing
Licenses & Access
Archive
For Authors
Publishing Policy
Technical instruction for the authors
Agreement CC BY-SA
Copyright statement
Publication procedure
Contact
ORIGINAL PAPER
The evolution and scope of Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in a globalizing world
1
University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw
Submission date: 2024-07-25
Final revision date: 2025-01-08
Acceptance date: 2025-02-26
Publication date: 2025-04-10
JoMS 2025;61(1):592-617
KEYWORDS
globalizationmigrationchildrefugeearmed conflictlegal solutions in Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
An analysis of the issue of how the child is perceived within the socio-cultural construct, which was subsequently regulated in Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Material and methods:
The Convention on the Rights of the Child, literature on childhood, aspects of minor migration, UN documents. Observational method, document examination method, method of analysis and criticism of literature
Results:
The scope of contemporary research on childhood within the context of international discourse reveals the necessity of revising the approach to children and their issues. The modern era is characterized by a multitude of civilizations and cultures, a diversity and complexity of ways of perceiving children, which cannot be narrowed down, as is currently the case, to a single model. The issue of the image of the child constitutes one of the key research topics within contemporary childhood studies, which will undoubtedly influence the interpretation and understanding of children's rights and subsequently shape a new approach towards children in the coming years.
Conclusions:
In an increasingly globalized world, interdisciplinary discourse with praxeological assumptions, aimed at socio-political engagement to improve the situation of children and their socio-political participation, becomes essential in an intercultural world. Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child covers both international and non-international armed conflicts, though these terms are not explicitly mentioned. It does not apply to internal disturbances lacking the character of armed conflict. Full protection of children requires peace and security based on the full respect for the UN Charter's purposes and principles, including Article 51.
An analysis of the issue of how the child is perceived within the socio-cultural construct, which was subsequently regulated in Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Material and methods:
The Convention on the Rights of the Child, literature on childhood, aspects of minor migration, UN documents. Observational method, document examination method, method of analysis and criticism of literature
Results:
The scope of contemporary research on childhood within the context of international discourse reveals the necessity of revising the approach to children and their issues. The modern era is characterized by a multitude of civilizations and cultures, a diversity and complexity of ways of perceiving children, which cannot be narrowed down, as is currently the case, to a single model. The issue of the image of the child constitutes one of the key research topics within contemporary childhood studies, which will undoubtedly influence the interpretation and understanding of children's rights and subsequently shape a new approach towards children in the coming years.
Conclusions:
In an increasingly globalized world, interdisciplinary discourse with praxeological assumptions, aimed at socio-political engagement to improve the situation of children and their socio-political participation, becomes essential in an intercultural world. Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child covers both international and non-international armed conflicts, though these terms are not explicitly mentioned. It does not apply to internal disturbances lacking the character of armed conflict. Full protection of children requires peace and security based on the full respect for the UN Charter's purposes and principles, including Article 51.
License
REFERENCES (51)
1.
Agunias, D. R. (2009). Guiding the Invisible Hand: Making Migration Intermediaries Work for Development. New York: United Nations Development Programme. Pobrano z https://hdr.undp.org/content/g... (dostęp: 18.06,2024).
2.
Carling, J. (2002). Migration in the age of involuntary immobility: Theoretical reflections and Cape Verdean experiences. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(1), 5–42.
3.
Detrick, S. (1993). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Guide to the Travaux Préparatoires. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
4.
Cohen, R. (1997). Global diasporas: An introduction. London: University College London Press.
5.
Cohen, R. (2007). Creolization and Cultural Globalization: The Soft Sounds of Fugitive Power. Globalizations, 4(3), 369–384.
6.
Cohn, I., & Goodwin-Gill, G. S. (1994). Child-Soldiers: The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7.
Coldrey, B. M. (1996). Child migration. Consent of parents to their children’s emigration. The legal and moral dimension. Melbourne: Tamanaraik Press.
8.
Corsaro, W. A. (2015). The sociology of childhood. Thousand Oaks, California: SA GE Publications, Inc.
9.
Ebbe, O.N. I. & Das, D. K. (2008). Global Trafficking in woman and children. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
10.
Garbula, J.M., Kowalik-Olubińska, M. (2012). Konstruowanie obrazu dzieciństwa w perspektywie psychologicznej i socjokulturowej. Przegląd Pedagogiczny, 1, 25–34.
11.
Grzeszczak, R. (2017). Europeizacja polskiego prawa po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Studia Iuridica, 71, 61–73.
12.
De Haas, H. (2010). The internal dynamics of migration processes: A theoretical inquiry. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1587–1617.
13.
De Haas, H. (2010a). Migration and development: A theoretical perspective. International Migration Review, 44(1), 227–264.
14.
James, A., & Prout, A. (1997). Constructing and reconstructing Childhood: contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. London: Falmer Press.
15.
Jasudowicz, T. (1996), Determinanty międzynarodowo chronionej substancji praw człowieka w systemie uniwersalnym i europejskim. W: T. Jasudowicz, C. Mik (red.), O prawach człowieka. W podwójną rocznicę paktów. Księga Pamiątkowa w hołdzie Prof. Annie Michalskiej, (87–113). Toruń: Dom Organizatora TNOiK.
16.
Jatrana, S., Toyota, M. & Yeoh, B.S. A. (2005). Migration and health in Asia. London: Routledge.
17.
Jenks, C. (2008). Socjologiczne konstrukty dzieciństwa. W: M. Kehily (red.), Wprowadzenie do badań nad dzieciństwem, (11-134). Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM.
18.
Jasudowicz, T. (1997). Prawa człowieka w konfliktach zbrojnych. Rekonstrukcja międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego. Toruń: Dom Organizatora TNOiK.
19.
Kahn, P. W. (2016). Making the Case: The Art of the Judicial Opinion. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press..
20.
Kehily, M. (2008). Zrozumieć dzieciństwo. Wprowadzenie w kluczowe tematy i zagadnienia. W: M. Kehily (red.), Wprowadzenie do badań nad dzieciństwem, (15–40). Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM.
21.
Klonowska, I., M. Walancik, M. (2024). Nieletni – młodzi przestępcy czy zagubione dzieci? Sytuacja prawna w Polsce w świetle obowiązujących unormowań. Journal of Modern Science, Wydawnictwo Akademii Nauk Stosowanych WSGE im A. De Gasperi w Józefowie, tom 4/58/2024, s.56-72.
22.
Kusztal, J. (2018). Dobro dziecka w procesie resocjalizacji. Aspekty pedagogiczne i prawne. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
23.
Lubkemann, S. C. (2008). Involuntary immobility: On a theoretical invisibility in forced migration studies. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(4), 454–475.
24.
Massey, D. S. (1990). Social structure, household strategies, and the cumulative causation of migration. Population Index, 56(1), 3–26.
25.
Massey, D. S. (2019). The perils of seeing twenty-first century migration through a twentieth-century lens. International Social Science Journal, 68(227–228), 101–104.
26.
McDonald, R. (1997). Derogation under Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 36(1–2), 225–251.
27.
Obokata, T. (2006). Trafficking of human beings from a human rights perspective: towards a holistic approach. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
28.
Olayo-Mendez, J. (2018). Migration, poverty, and violence in Mexico: the role of casas de migrantes. Oxford: University of Oxford.
29.
Parrenas, R. S. (2005). Children of global migration. Transnational families and gendered woes. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
30.
Piore, M. J. (1979). Birds of passage: Migrant labor and industrial societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31.
Rutter J. (2007). Refugee children in the UK. British Journal of Educational Studies, 55(2), 215–216.
32.
Safran, W. (1991). Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 83–99.
33.
Sandorski, J. (1978). Nieważność umów międzynarodowych. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu.
34.
Schulz, A. N. (1997). Zastrzeżenia, deklaracje, sprzeciwy do konwencji o prawach dziecka. Studia Prawnicze, 3–4(133–134), 163–182.
35.
Salmerón-Manzano, E. & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2019). Unaccompanied Minors: Worldwide Research Perspectives. Publications, 7/1(2), 1–15.
36.
Sitek, B. (2008). Prawa dziecka a prawa rodziców w świetle stratyfikacji praw człowieka. Krótkie uwagi o konflikcie praw podmiotowych między poszczególnymi typami praw człowieka, [w:] Deboli e indefesi nella società multiculturale europea. Mniejszości i jednostki słabsze w wielokulturowym społeczeństwie Europy. Atti Della VI Conferenza Internazionale dei Diritti dell’Uomo, Lecce, 29-30 Maggio 2006, Olsztyn-Bari 2008, s. 173-182.
37.
Sitek, B (2015). Prawo do wychowania dziecka. Dylematy dawne i współczesne, [w:] M. Różański, R. Sztychmiler (red.), Wychowanie religijne i moralne. Wydawnictwo UWM, Olsztyn, s. 89-101.
38.
Sitek, B. (2020). Prawa dziecka, dobro dziecka a wykorzystywanie dzieci. [w:] A. Pawlak, B. Skwarek, J. Stadniczeńko (red.), W trosce o rozwój dziecka – aspekty społeczno-prawne. Wyd. AEH, Warszawa 2020, s. 63-74.
39.
Sitek, M. (2017). Prawa nasciturusa vs prawo kobiety do aborcji. Konflikt między aksjologią a przepisami prawa, [w:] J. Mazurkiewicz, P. Mysiak (red.), Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur. O ochronę dziecka poczętego i jego matki. Wyd. J. Mazurkiewicz, Wrocław, s. 291-302.
40.
Sitek, M. (2014). Koncepcja rodziny w świetle postanowień Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka. Journal of Modern Science, 20(1):131-144. Wyd. WSGE, Józefów.
41.
Smolińska-Theiss, B. (2010). Rozwój badań nad dzieciństwem – przełomy i przejścia. W: E. Jarosz (red.), Dzieciństwo – witraż bolesny. Chowanna, 1(34), 13–26.
42.
Smyczyński, T. (1991). Ochrona praw dziecka. W: R. Wieruszewski (red.), Prawa człowieka – model prawny, (112–139). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum.
43.
Stadniczeńko, D. (2019). Komitet Praw Dziecka ON Z. Rola i znaczenie. Komentarze. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
44.
Stainton Rogers, R. & Stainton Rogers, W. (1992). Stories of Childhood: shifting agendas of child concern. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
45.
Stainton Rogers, W. (2008). Promocja lepszego dzieciństwa: konstrukcje troski o dziecko. W: M. Kehily (red.), Wprowadzenie do badań nad dzieciństwem, (173–198). Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM.
46.
Szczepska-Pustkowska, M. (2011). Od filozofii dzieciństwa do dziecięcej filozofii życia. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Impuls.
47.
Szuniewicz, M. (2007). Ochrona praw dzieci w konflikcie zbrojnym a II Protokół fakultatywny do Konwencji Praw Dziecka z 2000 r. W: T. Jasudowicz (red.), Międzynarodowe prawo humanitarne we współczesnym świecie. Osiągnięcia i wyzwania,( 75–96). Toruń: Wydawnictwo TNOiK.
48.
Van Naerssen, T., Spaan, E. & Zoomers, A. (2008). Globalization, migration and development. W: E. Spaan, T. van Naerssen, A. Zoomers (red.), Global Migration and Development, (1–18). London: Routledge.
50.
Wiśniewski, L. (1994). Konwencja na tle innych aktów międzynarodowych. W: T. Smyczyński (red.), Konwencja o Prawach Dziecka. Wybór zagadnień prawnych i socjalnych, (3–7). Wydawca: Polski Komitet UNICEF.
51.
Zirk-Sadowski, M. (2002). Uczestniczenie prawników w kulturze, Państwo i Prawo, 9, 3–14.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2391-789X |
| ISSN: | 1734-2031 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
